Networking with IPv4

IP Address - 32-bit / 4-byte unique identifier for every device on a network

• e.g. 192.168.1.165

Subnet Mask - used by the local device to determine what subnet it's on

• e.g. 255.255.255.0
• Means first 3 octets are the network address and last octet is the host address
• Used by local device to determine what subnet it's on

Default Gateway - router that allows you to communication outside of your local subnet

• e.g. 192.168.1.1
• Must be an IP address on the local subnet

Special IPv4 Addresses

Loopback Address - An address to yourself

• Ranges from 127.0.0.1 through 127.255.255.254
• Easy way to self-reference (ping 127.0.0.1) to confirm that your local IP stack is working properly

Reserved Addresses - Addresses set aside for future use or testing

• Ranges from 240.0.0.1 through 254.255.255.254
• "Class E" addresses

Virtual IP Addresses (VIP) - Addresses snot associated with a physical network adapter

• Virtual machines, internal router address

Private IP Ranges

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